Global offshore wind added 8 GW of new capacity in 2024, down 26% from the previous year, yet still marking the fourth-strongest year in the sector’s history. The industry has expanded at an average rate of 10% annually over the past decade, pushing global offshore capacity to 83.2 GW by the end of 2024, about 7.3% of total global wind power.

Largest offshore wind farms in the world, such as Hornsea 2, Hollandse Kust Zuid, Borssele (Combined I-V), Seagreen, Greater Changhua 1 & 2a and Moray East continue to set benchmarks in scale and engineering. China once again led new installations, followed by the UK, Taiwan, Germany, and France, with these five markets accounting for 94% of last year’s additions.

This article explores the ten biggest offshore wind farms operating in 2025. It outlines their size, location, ownership, technology, and role within regional energy strategies.

List of Top 10 Biggest Operational Offshore Wind Farms in the World 2025

Hornsea (1 & 2)

Hornsea 1 marked a turning point for offshore wind as the first project in the world to exceed 1 GW. It sits 120 kilometres off the Yorkshire coast and operates 174 Siemens Gamesa 7 MW turbines across an area of 407 square kilometres.

The wind farm reached full operation in 2019 and now supplies clean electricity to more than one million homes. Ørsted operates the site from its East Coast Hub in Grimsby and owns half of the project, while Greencoat, TRIG, Equitix, GLIL, and Octopus Renewables hold the remaining stake.

Hornsea 2 is the world’s largest operational offshore wind farm, which came online in 2022. The project has 165 Siemens Gamesa 8 MW turbines and a total capacity of 1.32 GW, covering 462 square kilometres. It lies 89 kilometres from the coast and generates enough power for about 1.4 million homes. Ørsted operates the wind farm with partners AXA IM Alts and Crédit Agricole Assurances.

Hollandse Kust Zuid

Hollandse Kust Zuid is the largest subsidy-free offshore wind farm in operation and sits 18 to 36 kilometres off the Dutch coast between Scheveningen and Zandvoort. The 1.5 GW project includes 139 Siemens Gamesa 11 MW turbines across an area of about 225 square kilometres and supplies enough electricity for roughly 1.5 million households.

It reached full operation in 2024 after delivering its first power in 2022, with Vattenfall operating the site on behalf of its owners Vattenfall, BASF, and Allianz. The wind farm uses artificial reef structures to strengthen marine habitats and hosts an innovation hub called SeaLab, which tests concepts such as seaweed cultivation within the array.

Power is transmitted to shore through TenneT’s offshore grid system, part of the Netherlands’ broader Net op Zee programme. HKZ’s scale and subsidy-free model make it a milestone for offshore wind development in Europe.

Borssele (Combined I-V)

The Borssele Wind Farm Zone spans five sites in the Dutch North Sea and delivers a combined 1.5 GW of capacity about 24 kilometres off the Zeeland coast. Sites I and II, owned by Ørsted, total 752 MW and have 94 Siemens Gamesa 8 MW turbines operating across 112 square kilometres.

Sites III and IV add 731.5 MW and are operated by the Blauwwind consortium, whose current shareholders include Partners Group, Shell, INPEX Europe, Eneco, and Luxcara. Site V contributes 19 MW as an innovation area led by the Two Towers consortium.

The zone connects to the Dutch grid through TenneT’s Borssele Alpha and Beta substations and plays a central role in meeting national power demand. Borssele III and IV alone can supply electricity to about 825,000 homes, while the full cluster helps support more than a million households.

Installation work across the zone involved a wide group of suppliers and contractors, including Siemens Gamesa, Sif, Bladt, and Nexans, with DEME Offshore and Van Oord overseeing major construction phases.

Seagreen Offshore Wind Farm

Seagreen is Scotland’s largest operational offshore wind farm, positioned 27 kilometres off the Angus coast in the North Sea. The project reached full operation in October 2023 and delivers 1.1 GW through 114 turbines, supplying clean electricity to more than 1.6 million homes.

It holds the record for the world’s deepest fixed-bottom foundations and exports power via underground cables from Carnoustie to a substation at Tealing near Dundee. The wind farm is a joint venture between SSE Renewables, TotalEnergies, and PTTEP, with SSE leading development, construction, and operations.

Seagreen was originally consented for up to 150 turbines, leaving room for an additional build-out through Phase 1A. Its output helps avoid roughly 900,000 tonnes of carbon emissions each year and plays a central role in Scotland’s drive toward net zero by 2045.

Moray East Offshore Wind Farm

Moray East is a 950 MW offshore wind farm in the Moray Firth, located about 22 kilometres off the Aberdeenshire coast. It consists of 100 Vestas V164-9.5 MW turbines spread across three linked sites known as Telford, Stevenson, and MacColl.

The project reached full output in April 2022 and delivers power at a Contract for Difference price of EUR 57.50/MWh, one of the most competitive rates achieved for a UK offshore wind farm of its scale. Its generation supports the electricity needs of more than one million homes.

Owned by Ocean Winds, Diamond Green Limited, and Equitix, Moray East covers an area of 295 square kilometres and uses jacket foundations suited to deeper waters. The turbines reach a blade-tip height of 204 metres, and the site avoids visual impact by sitting more than 20 kilometres from shore. The wind farm prevents around 1.7 million tonnes of CO₂ emissions each year, making it a major contributor to Scotland’s decarbonisation targets.

Greater Changhua 1 & 2a

Greater Changhua 1 and 2a form a 900 MW offshore wind complex off the coast of Changhua County in Taiwan. Located 35 to 60 kilometres offshore, the project uses 111 Siemens Gamesa SG 8.0-167 turbines and supplies enough electricity to power about one million households.

Greater Changhua 1 provides 605.2 MW and is jointly owned by Ørsted and a consortium led by CDPQ and Cathay PE, while Greater Changhua 2a contributes 294.8 MW and is fully owned by Ørsted. The wind farms were officially inaugurated and fully grid-connected in April 2024.

The project is the largest operational offshore wind development in Taiwan and the wider Asia-Pacific region. Construction began in 2021 and relied on a supply chain designed to accelerate the country’s emerging offshore wind industry.

Triton Knoll Offshore Wind Farm

Triton Knoll is an 857 MW offshore wind farm located about 20 miles off the Lincolnshire coast and 28 miles from north Norfolk. The project is owned by RWE, J-Power, and Kansai Electric Power, with RWE leading construction and now operating the site from the Grimsby Hub.

Offshore construction began in early 2020, and all turbines were commissioned by January 2022, following onshore works that started in 2018 after the project secured its Contract for Difference and reached financial close. The wind farm was delivered through a multi-year development process that included consents for both the onshore grid system and the offshore array.

Full onshore construction wrapped up in 2021, enabling clean power generation from one of the UK’s most significant Round 2 offshore wind projects. Triton Knoll now supports the country’s drive for energy security by supplying large volumes of home-grown renewable electricity.

Moray West

Moray West is an 882 MW offshore wind farm in the outer Moray Firth, about 40 kilometres north of Buckie and next to Moray East. The project is led by Ocean Winds, with Ignitis Renewables holding a minority stake, and it exports power to the national grid through two circuits connected to the Black Hill substation.

Moray West completed construction on schedule and reached full power in April 2025, after securing a Contract for Difference at EUR 37.35/MWh and long-term Corporate Power Purchase Agreements with Google and Amazon.

The wind farm is a major contributor to the UK’s decarbonisation goals, avoiding around 1.1 million tonnes of carbon dioxide each year. Its development supported local and national supply chains and strengthened Scotland’s offshore wind workforce. Moray West sits within one of the UK’s most active offshore wind zones, reinforcing the region’s role in delivering large-scale clean electricity.

Hollandse Kust Noord

Hollandse Kust Noord is a 759 MW offshore wind farm located 18.5 kilometres off the Dutch coast near Egmond aan Zee. Developed and operated by CrossWind, a joint venture between Shell and Eneco, it is one of the Netherlands’ major subsidy-free wind projects.

The site uses 69 Siemens Gamesa SG 11.0-200 DD turbines, chosen to maximise output while limiting the total number of installations. The project was completed in December 2023 and now delivers at least 3.3 TWh of electricity per year, or about 2.8 percent of the country’s power demand. The wind farm sits within the broader Hollandse Kust (noord) Wind Farm Zone, where two earlier projects, Princess Amalia and Egmond aan Zee, are already operational.

TenneT built the offshore grid connection and platform that links the turbines to the national high-voltage network. The development represents a significant step in the Netherlands’ long-term offshore wind strategy by demonstrating large-scale, unsubsidised deployment in a busy section of the North Sea.

East Anglia One

East Anglia ONE is a 714 MW offshore wind farm located 43 kilometres off the Suffolk coast. It features 102 Siemens Gamesa turbines rated at 7 MW each, standing 167 metres tall with 75-metre blades. The project produces enough electricity to power about 700,000 homes every year and covers an area of roughly 300 square kilometres. Iberdrola, through ScottishPower Renewables, led the development and invested about EUR 2.5 billion.

The wind farm uses jacket foundations supplied by Navantia in Galicia, Lamprell in the United Arab Emirates, and Harland & Wolff in Belfast. Windar produced the piles in Avilés. Electricity from the turbines is collected by the Andalucía II offshore substation built by Navantia in Puerto Real. Two export cables, each almost 85 kilometres long, carry the power to shore, where they connect to six underground cables that run to the Burstall substation.

The project is supported by a long-term operations and maintenance base in Lowestoft, which opened in 2019. Around one hundred people work at the site, which hosts a coordination centre, technical offices, and a warehouse. East Anglia ONE is the first phase of Iberdrola’s wider East Anglia Hub, which will add three more wind farms and bring total capacity in the region to about 3.1 GW.

Conclusion

Together, these ten wind farms deliver more than 11 GW of renewable energy and supply millions of homes across Europe and Asia. They also reflect where most new additions are coming from: China, the UK, Taiwan, Germany, and France, which accounted for 94 percent of global offshore growth last year.

Floating offshore wind, still at just 278 MW by the end of 2024, is positioned for rapid acceleration as more countries move projects from pilot to commercial size. Annual installations are set to double in 2025 and surpass 55 GW by 2034, pushing total global offshore capacity to an estimated 441 GW. That shift will raise offshore wind’s share of global new wind installations from 7 percent today to roughly a quarter by the mid-2030s.

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