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Drivers:

• Rising demand for on-site air separation plant due to high cost of gas supply.
• Increasing number of stringent and pervasive environmental restrictions to increase energy efficiency and significantly reduce CO2 emissions in the industries.
• Growth in demand for electronics as teleworking has introduced new ASPs to deliver industrial gases such as large-scale nitrogen gas to these industries.
• Growing development of the on-site business for steel manufacturing centred on large oxygen gas supply plant technologies.

Cryogenic Air Separation Plant:

Air is a mixture of gases that predominantly consists of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%), as well as the inert gas argon (0.9 %). Carbon dioxide plus the rare gases’ neon, helium, krypton, and xenon make up the remaining 0.1 %.

The cryogenic air separation plants consist of many components such as filters, compressors, coldboxes, vaporizers, molecular sieve units, reversing heat exchangers, cold absorption units, cryogenic distillation unit, and other equipment.

Air can be separated into its components utilizing distillation in special units. The purpose of air separation plants is to create high-purity nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and other rare gases mixtures (krypton/xenon and helium/neon) in liquid and gaseous form. It uses a thermal technique known as cryogenic rectification to separate the various components.

Applications:

Cryogenic air separation plants play a critical role in many industrial applications. They are commonly employed in medium- to large-scale plants to provide a high rate of pure oxygen, nitrogen, and argon in liquid or gaseous form. It is the most cost-effective technology for high production rate plants.

Cryogenic Air Separation Plants are widely used in steel, metallurgy, petroleum, chemical, machinery, power generation, gold and copper mining, electronics, medical, and other industries. 

Typical process for producing Liquid Oxygen (LOX):

Atmospheric air is filtered and compressed. An air purification equipment removes carbon dioxide, water, and residual oil. The air then passes into a cold box where it is cooled, liquefied, and distilled to yield high purity liquid oxygen, which is collected in a liquid storage tank. Liquid can be transferred into transportable tanks or compressed into a liquid pump and vaporized to provide ambient temperature gaseous oxygen for cylinder filling.

Transportation:

Liquefied gases are hazardous materials, and most countries have special rules to ensure that they are transported safely. These liquids are generally transported by specialized road tankers from the air separation plants and decanted into a cryogenic vacuum-insulated storage tank at the end-user industry.

Liquified gaseous can be delivered directly to the place of use for large industrial gas customers through pipeline. For small and medium industrial gas customers, cryogens can be vaporized into a gas and filled into cylinders using high-pressure compressors or via a cryogenic pump and vaporizer and transported in cylinder trucks.

Recent Developments:

• On June 3rd, 2021, Yingde Gases Group has signed a new air separation agreement with Changzhou Eastran Group, which calls for the construction of a new cryogenic air separation plant to help the Eastran Group achieve its environmental protection, energy-saving, and efficiency-improvement goals. 
• On June 2nd, 2021, Yingde Gases and Shandong Taishan Steel Group signed a strategic collaboration agreement in Jinan, Shandong, with Yingde Gases being tasked with building a new 40,000 Nm3/h air separation plant to supply industrial gas to Taishan Steel.
• On March 15th, 2021, Air Products announced that its newest air separation unit (ASU) in Chandler, Arizona, is now operational and under long-term contract, providing customers in the electronics industry and other customers. The ASU can produce over 2 million standard cubic feet per hour of gaseous nitrogen and over 20,000 standard cubic feet per hour of high purity oxygen. 

• On October 28th, 2021, Air Products completed the asset acquisition and project financing transactions for the USD 12 billion air separation unit/gasification/power joint venture (JV) with Aramco, ACWA Power, and Air Products Qudra at Jazan, Saudi Arabia. 
• On February 11th, 2021, Linde successfully started two new air separation units (ASUs) to supply Wanhua Chemical Group in China with gaseous oxygen and nitrogen.
• On June 3rd, 2021, Air Liquide and PAO Severstal, a steel manufacturer, signed a new long-term contract to supply oxygen to the Severstal CherMK site in Russia. Air Liquide will invest around EUR 60 million in constructing an Air Separation Unit (ASU) on-site site, making it one of continental Europe's largest oxygen sites.

Opportunities:

• Growing demand for large volumes of oxygen to steel producers - China, India, Japan, the United States, Russia.
•  Increase in high-purity argon gas requirements in the semiconductor industry to support growth in pure silicon crystal manufacture. 

Regional Analysis:

China: Steel Industry

One of the world's main end-user sectors for air separation plants is the iron and steel industry. Around half of the world's steel production capacity is produced in China.

Air pollution remains a significant concern in China, and the steel industry has surpassed coal plants as the greatest industrial emitter of pollutants since major limits on coal plants were implemented in 2014.

In recent years, despite China's efforts to shut old and inefficient iron and steelmaking capacity by tens of millions of tonnes, including the closure of dozens of illegal induction furnaces, new investments are continuing.

Despite the pandemic's impact, the global steel industry has only seen a slight drop in steel demand at the end of 2020 due to its various regional effects.

Steel demand will undoubtedly rise as the world's population grows, and nations strive to enhance their living standards as steel is used in multiple applications such as building and infrastructure, automotive, energy, transportation, machinery, tools, and others.

With this, the air separation plants market is expected to have a significant growth in China.

Top 10 Steel Producing Countries in 2020:

Top 10 Steel Producing Companies in 2020:

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