A subsea tree (SST) is an intricate assembly of valves and other components, such as flow pathways and connectors, installed at the wellhead to monitor and control production flow and manage the injection of gas or fluids during production.

In addition, subsea trees connect the well’s tubing and other devices to the seafloor and facilities above water.

A subsea tree is a crucial component of the hydrocarbon production process and can be installed in two ways:

• Installed on a satellite well and connected to a flowline
• Installed on a template drilled well and connected to a manifold or piping in the template

Here are the two types of subsea tree systems based on tree orientations (configurations):

Horizontal subsea tree: The horizontal tree has production tubing suspended in the tree. The location of all flow control valves outside the central wellbore provides easy access for tubing retrieval.

Vertical subsea tree: The vertical tree has production tubing suspended in the wellhead. Available in single and twin-bore configurations, vertical subsea trees are designed to serve a variety of functions in deep and shallow waters.

While the horizontal and vertical subsea trees are used in deepwater, shallow water, ultra-deepwater, and template applications, the hybrid combination is used in some cases depending on the project application.

Subsea tree design and materials are based on operating conditions and the well’s physical environment determined by key factors, such as:

• Flow
• Pressure
• Temperature
• Water depth

As an integral part of offshore services, subsea trees are essential for building a viable connection between wells and the subsea infrastructure to bring oil and gas to the surface.

For example, subsea trees ensure safe and reliable drilling and production as building blocks at offshore installations. 

An accurate, expert installation is required for subsea trees to operate effectively and safely in difficult subsea well conditions and under extreme pressures and temperatures.

Read on to learn more about the top subsea tree providers in the O&G industry.

Global Top 5 Manufacturers of Subsea Tree Systems [2025]

Here are the world’s leading subsea tree manufacturers (ranking is based on the subsea segment revenue):

TechnipFMC plc

Founded: 2017

Location: Houston, Texas, United States (operational headquarters)

TechnipFMC plc is the world’s leading subsea tree production system manufacturer and supplier. The well-known O&G company was formed as a merger between France’s Technip and the U.S.’s FMC Technologies.

As an integrator of subsea processing systems, TechnipFMC has the expertise and experience to maximize the processing of subsea fields—from concept to project delivery and beyond.

TechnipFMC offers a diverse range of horizontal and vertical subsea tree solutions for all subsea conditions:

• Pressures up to 20,000 psi
• Temperatures up to 400oF
• Water depths up to 10,000 feet

Whether a single well tieback or large field development, TechnipFMC’s field-proven tree systems excel in deepwater, shallow, and ultra-deepwater applications.

Subsea 2.0™

TechnipFMC’s Subsea 2.0™ is a suite of pre-engineered, configurable product offerings designed to meet specific functional requirements and provide the flexibility to accommodate customer needs.

Core Subsea 2.0™ Products

• Compact manifolds
• Compact trees
• Controls
• Distribution
• Flexible jumpers
• Integrated connectors

TechnipFMC EVDT

EVDT (Enhanced Vertical Deepwater Trees) is considered a global standard for vertical completion systems in subsea oil field development and production.

TechnipFMC EVDT represents the best of horizontal and vertical subsea tree technologies—helping unlock first O&G faster and improving project economics.

In 2011, TechnipFMC EVDT set a world record for “the deepest installed tree at 9,627 feet” in the Shell’s Silvertip field in the Perdido development in the Gulf of Mexico.

It also won many prestigious industry awards, including the World Oil Award 2011 (Best Deepwater Technology Award), which recognizes significant technology innovation in deepwater drilling, completions, or production.

Over the years, TechnipFMC EVDT has evolved to accommodate a simplified, modular design with core components configured to meet customer specifications.

TechnipFMC’s extensive and reliable subsea tree capabilities enable it to offer a tailored subsea tree portfolio for cost-effective project execution and greater project viability.

Baker Hughes Company

Founded: 1987

Location: Houston, Texas, United States

Baker Hughes Company (Baker Hughes) is among the world’s largest oilfield service businesses, with operations spanning Africa, the Americas (including North America and South America), Asia-Pacific, Europe, and the Middle East.

Baker Hughes was established as a merger between Baker International (founded by Reuben C. Baker) and Hughes Tool Company (founded by Howard Hughes).

Baker Hughes is a trusted leader in solving production challenges in every environment—from deepwater subsea fields to mature conventional fields.

Baker Hughes offers lightweight subsea tree systems designed for simplified and low-cost installation.

Baker Hughes’ market-leading subsea trees stand out in various ways, including:

• Fast first oil
• Low-cost developments
• Modular design (reduces lead times while maintaining configurability)
• Reduced CO2 footprint
• Simplified installation
• Well-established legacy in key valve and connector technology (enables high reliability)

Baker Hughes’ subsea tree systems include:

Aptara lightweight compact tree: According to Baker Hughes, its Aptara lightweight, compact tree uses an industry-first design to reduce initial CAPEX and OPEX over the entire life of a field.

Key specifications

• ~10,000 ft
• 15,000 psi
• 300°F (149°C)

D-series for deep water depths: Baker Hughes’ D-series subsea tree systems are built for the world’s most challenging subsea conditions—with cost-effective, modular, and structured designs and installation.

Key specifications

• ~10,000 ft
• 15,000 psi
• 300°F (149°C)

M-series for medium water depths: Baker Hughes’ M-series subsea trees meet rigorous international standards for subsea products and use field-proven connectors and valves.

Key specifications

• ~2,500 ft
• 10,000 psi
• 300°F (149°C)

S-Series for shallow water depths: Baker Hughes’ reliable, light, and efficient S-series subsea trees are based on an in-depth understanding of the environmental challenges operators face in the shallow-water environment.

Key specifications

• ~330 ft
• 6,500 psi
• 250°F (149°C)

Subsea choke valves: Baker Hughes’ subsea chokes are designed to meet challenging well demands—ensuring reliable and safe reservoir performance.

According to Baker Hughes, its fast-stepping compact actuator is “more than 50% faster than competing products and qualified to two million steps.”

A company release reported the completion of the GE Oil & Gas and Baker Hughes merger in 2017 to create a new company offering industry-leading digital solutions, equipment, and services across the entire spectrum of O&G development.

Aker Solutions ASA

Founded: 1841

Location: Fornebu, Norway

Aker Solutions ASA (Aker Solutions) is a globally leading provider of integrated solutions, products, and services to the global energy industry.

The history of Aker Solutions goes back to a mechanical workshop named “Akers Mekaniske Verksted” founded in 1841 on the Aker River in Oslo, Norway.

Aker Solutions designs, produces, and maintains custom-made or standardized subsea trees for use in all water depths, including trees that can work at pressures of up to 15,000 psi and in extreme temperatures (from minus 18°C to plus 176°C).

Aker Solutions designs and delivers the following:

Horizontal Trees: Aker Solutions designs, builds, and adapts its horizontal tree portfolio to offer multiple subsea tree configurations for various projects—from shallow water templates to deepwater satellites.

Wellhead Vertical Trees: Aker Solutions’ wellhead vertical trees, which are mounted directly on the subsea wellhead, are suitable for several functions in deep or shallow waters.

Furthermore, full deepwater capability and a 7-inch production bore size enable these vertical subsea trees to meet all market demands in this segment.

Tubing Head Spool Vertical Trees: Aker Solutions has supplied hundreds of vertical trees mounted on tubing head spools for deepwater projects worldwide.

This vertical tree portfolio is known for its flexible design and robustness to meet a variety of connection sizes and functionality levels.

Apart from delivering trees as part of a total subsea production system, Aker Solutions offers standalone items that interface with existing infrastructures.

The leading energy infrastructure company also provides lifecycle services at its customers’ locations.

OneSubsea (a Schlumberger company)

Founded: 2013

Location: Houston, Texas, United States

OneSubsea is a Schlumberger (the oilfield services giant) company and an industry-leading O&G product and system manufacturer and subsea equipment supplier.

Common core components, standardized processes, as well as qualified, field-proven assemblies enable OneSubsea to design and deliver standard horizontal subsea trees worldwide within 12 months.

OneSubsea’s industry-trusted and proven product range includes:

• Flowline connectors
• Manifolds
• Production controls
• Subsea trees
• Wellheads
• Workover systems

OneSubsea’s portfolio of subsea tree systems comprises the following:

Blue Box Capital-Efficient Subsea Approach (a new approach to subsea efficiency): As part of the Blue Box approach, OneSubsea delivers capital-efficient, pre-engineered standard configurable systems, such as connection systems, manifolds, subsea trees, and wellheads.

The Blue Box approach enables OneSubsea to engineer, manufacture, and deliver fully qualified and adequately documented systems.

Vertical Monobore Subsea Tree System (highly configurable solutions at the lowest OPEX (operational expenditure)): OneSubsea’s vertical monobore subsea trees deliver high-quality, reliable, and capital-efficient performance. Moreover, it is possible to retrieve these trees without disturbing the completion.

Vertical Dual-Bore Subsea Tree System (operational flexibility with minimal OPEX): OneSubsea offers a wide variety of vertical dual-bore subsea tree configurations—from conventional shallow-water trees to deepwater monobore riser versions.

FasTrac (subsea tree program): The FasTrac subsea tree program is a complete, modular system that allows customers to choose as many or as few options as required with the flexibility to customize the tree system.

As part of this program, OneSubsea has delivered both shallow-water and deepwater well solutions with a faster turnaround time.

OneSubsea’s highly configurable solutions are designed to make subsea operations more efficient and reliable by meeting a range of functionality requirements while reducing project cycle time and overall cost.

Apart from durability and flexibility to meet specific job requirements, OneSubsea trees’ monitoring and feedback capabilities reduce operator risk and provide communication and data for operations management.

Subsea Test Tree Systems

Schlumberger (OneSubsea’s parent company) offers the following subsea test tree (SSTT) systems under the “Subsea Landing String Services” category:

SenTREE 3 (subsea test tree): SenTREE 3 is a singular subsea safety solution that helps conduct well test and cleanup from a floating rig.

SenTREE 7 (completion subsea test tree): SenTREE 7 is a field-proven modular system that enables repeatable, reliable well control in a wide range of water depths.

SenTREE HP (high-pressure completion subsea test tree): SenTREE HP helps maintain reliable well control from a floating vessel at up to 15,000 psi.

Dril-Quip, Inc.

Founded: 1981

Location: Houston, Texas, United States

Dril-Quip, Inc. (Dril-Quip) is an industry-leading subsea equipment, surface equipment, and offshore rig equipment provider with expertise in the following:

• Design
• Manufacturing
• Fabrication
• Inspection
• Assembly
• Testing
• Marketing

Dril-Quip also offers a broad range of flexible, field-proven mudline equipment and suspension systems for the following:

• Drilling
• Production
• Subsea completions on mudline-suspended wells
• Temporary abandonment

In addition, Dril-Quip’s e-Series subsea solutions feature the patented self-aligning VXTe™ tree technology, which provides substantial time and cost savings while reducing carbon emissions.

Dril-Quip has an impressive track record of successfully installing over 300 subsea trees in global locations.

Dril-Quip provides the following subsea trees under the “subsea equipment” product range:

Horizontal Trees

HXT Horizontal Tree: Dril-Quip’s flexible, lightweight HXT Horizontal Tree features an optimized tooling scope and reduces the carbon footprint resulting from manufacturing, transport, and deployment.

Vertical Subsea Trees

SBTe™ SingleBore™ Vertical Subsea Tree: Dril-Quip’s #1-selling production tree is the SBTe™, which combines exceptional flexibility with a low-profile design.

It is ideal for both shallow- and mid-water depths and can also be configured to order for accommodating specific operator requirements.

VXTe™ Vertical Subsea Tree: Dril-Quip’s award-winning VXTe™ represents a revolutionary completion technology that eliminates the need for a tubing head to orient the hanger and align the tree.

This self-aligning technology eliminates operational steps and saves up to two weeks of rig time.

DualBore™ Vertical Subsea Tree: Dril-Quip’s DualBore™ Vertical Subsea Tree is available in pressure ratings up to 15,000 psi and provides direct overhead access (via the completion riser) to the annulus and production bores.

Known for its field-proven performance, the DualBore™ tree is adaptable to different flowline and control system connections.

ConcentricBore™ Vertical Subsea Tree: Dril-Quip’s ConcentricBore™ Vertical Subsea Tree is an economical, time-saving alternative to traditional completion systems with its lightweight modular design.

The ConcentricBore™ Vertical Subsea Tree is easy to handle and install and available in a flexible, low-cost package with field-proven components, such as:

• DH gate valves
• DA valve actuators
• Subsea control system
• DXe™ Wellhead Connector (delivers high fatigue resistance)

Dril-Quip’s in-house R&D and testing capabilities combined with a vertical integration structure have uniquely positioned the company to support global O&G operations with fully qualified offshore and subsea drilling and completion equipment.

Furthermore, Dril-Quip is credited with being “the first in its industry segment” to follow the APQP process (Advanced Product Quality Planning)—a structured method of assessing design and manufacturing characteristics governing various products.

Blackridge Research & Consulting – Global Subsea Systems Market Report

Are you looking for the most in-depth subsea systems market analysis?

Blackridge Research & Consulting’s Global Subsea Systems Market report is what you need.

The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the market by segmenting it based on the following:

Geography

• North America
• South America/Latin America
• Europe
• Asia-Pacific
• The Middle East
• North Africa
• Rest of the World

Type

• Subsea Production System
• Subsea Processing System

Components of Subsea Production System

• SURF (Subsea Umbilicals, Risers, and Flowlines)
• Subsea Trees
• Wellhead
• Manifolds
• Others

Components of Subsea Processing System

• Subsea Boosting System
• Subsea Separation System
• Subsea Injection System
• Subsea Compression System

In addition, the report offers deep insights into the competitive landscape, key company profiles, important commercial developments, present and future market opportunities, market trends, and more.

You can buy the report directly or email us at [email protected] to purchase specific sections of the report.

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Wrapping Up

As multicomponent subsea production systems, subsea tree systems perform a broad range of functions, such as:

• Connect the wellhead and flowline to direct flow
• Isolate flow from the well
• Provide access for well intervention operations
• Provide well integrity
• Regulate flow at the choke (controls the surface pressure and a well’s production rate)

The subsea tree market is witnessing rapid growth due to major drivers, including:

• Growing FIDs (Final Investment Decisions) in different basins by independent O&G companies
• New deepwater discoveries and projects (such as deepwater oil projects offshore West Africa)
• Progression in deepwater cost reductions

According to a company press release, for example, Neptune Energy—an independent global E&P company— successfully installed four Enhanced Horizontal Subsea Tree Systems for the Durva development project in the Norwegian North Sea.

Deploying the subsea trees from a vessel instead of using a rig resulted in reduced costs, time, and emissions during the subsea installation activities.

An industry news source reported that China’s offshore oil industry marked a significant milestone with the country’s first domestically developed subsea Christmas tree installed in the South China Sea for oil drilling.

China State Shipbuilding Corporation’s (CSSC) subsidiary, Chongqing Qianwei Technologies Group, is reported to have successfully installed the key piece of equipment in Yingge Sea (South China’s Hainan Province).

The home-made subsea Christmas tree is expected to boost China’s potential to develop its deepwater O&G fields—producing, for instance, around 200 million cubic meters of natural gas per annum.

Manufacturers of subsea tree systems support global O&G operations by providing a comprehensive range of horizontal, hybrid, and vertical subsea trees based on field-proven technologies and designed for diverse applications.

If you would like to learn more about the O&G industry, check out related articles here.