India and Denmark have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to strengthen collaboration in the energy sector, with the goal of achieving net zero emissions by 2070. The agreement was signed on May 7, 2025, by Power Secretary Pankaj Agarwal and Ambassador of Denmark to India Rasmus Abildgaard Kristensen, building on a previous MoU that was set to expire on June 5, 2025. This partnership aims to facilitate cooperation between the two countries in areas such as power system modelling, integration of variable renewable energy, and EV charging infrastructure development.

Background and Objectives

The previous MoU between India and Denmark, signed on June 5, 2020, laid the foundation for cooperation in the energy sector. The new agreement expands on this foundation, with a focus on achieving net zero emissions by 2070. India's goal of reducing its carbon footprint is a key driver of this partnership, as the country seeks to transition to a more sustainable energy mix. The agreement also reflects Denmark's commitment to supporting India's energy transition, leveraging its own expertise in renewable energy and energy efficiency.

As the world's third-largest emitter of greenhouse gases, India recognizes the urgent need to transition to a low-carbon economy. Denmark, with its strong track record in renewable energy and sustainability, is well-positioned to support India's energy transition. By working together, the two countries can share best practices, leverage each other's strengths, and drive innovation in the energy sector.

Key Areas of Cooperation

The MoU between India and Denmark identifies several key areas of cooperation, including power system modelling, integration of variable renewable energy, cross-border electricity trading, and EV charging infrastructure development. These areas are critical to India's energy transition, as the country seeks to integrate more renewable energy sources into its power grid. By working together with Denmark, India can gain valuable insights and expertise in these areas, accelerating the deployment of renewable energy technologies and improving the overall efficiency of its power system. The integration of variable renewable energy is a particular challenge for India, given the intermittent nature of solar and wind power.

However, with Denmark's expertise in this area, India can develop more effective strategies for managing variability and ensuring a stable power supply. Cross-border electricity trading is another key area of cooperation, with potential benefits for both countries. By enabling the exchange of electricity across borders, India and Denmark can enhance energy security, reduce costs, and promote the development of renewable energy sources. The development of EV charging infrastructure is also a critical area of cooperation, as both countries seek to promote the adoption of electric vehicles. By sharing knowledge and expertise in this area, India and Denmark can accelerate the rollout of EV charging infrastructure, reducing dependence on fossil fuels and promoting a more sustainable transportation sector. This cooperation can also drive innovation in the EV sector, with potential benefits for both countries.

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